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Masoretic Bible, 1266

 Item — item: 1
Identifier: RH 1

Books and approximate pages

Tanakh

Genesis, p.4

Exodus, p.37

Leviticus, p.78

Numbers, p.108

Deuteronomy, p.151

Nevi’im (Prophets)

Joshua, p.190

Judges, p.218

Samuel I, p.244

Samuel II, p.279

Kings I, p.308

Kings II, p.344, column 1, line 14

Jeremiah, p.377

Ezekiel, p.438

Isaiah, p.489

Hosea, p.535

Joel, p.539

Amos, p.542

Obadiah, p.548

Jonah, p.549

Micah. p.551

Nahum, p.555

Habakkuk, p.556

Zephaniah, p.588

Haggai, p.560

Zechariah, p.562

Malachi, p.571

Ketuvim (Writings)

Ruth, p.573

Psalms, p.577 (end of Psalms with harp, p.661)

Job, p.662

Proverbs, p.607

Ecclesiastes, p.728

Song of Songs, p.735

Lamentations, p.739

Daniel, p.743

Ester, p.759

Ezra, p.766

Nehemiah, p.766, column 3, line 21

Chronicles I, p.790

Chronicles II, p.819, column 1, line 20

Colophon, p.855

About 862 pages total

The books were originally thought to be in a unique random order, but a Bible known as Dublin Ibn Gaon (Tudela, Spain 1300) shares the same sequence.

Missing pages

From Mordechai Glatzner from the Comité De Paléographie Hebraique (1972):

"Missing pages: before p.1, between pp.2-3, between pp.3-4, between pp.4-5, and between pp.5-6. The manuscript is therefore missing Genesis 1:30 to Genesis 6:20."

Script

Manuscript is written in Hebrew in square Sephardic Script with a reed pen.

Masoretic notes

According to David Stern in Chosen: Philadelphia's Great Hebraica (2007), the manuscript contains both greater and lesser masoretic notes. In Psalms, the greater masoretic notes are on the top and bottom with lesser masoretic notes in the outermost margin. The greater masoretic notes, also called the large Masorah, are written in micrography and braided into a decorative ribbon pattern.

Research by Dalia-Ruth Halperin in 2014 indicates that RH 1 is one of three 13th-century masoretic bibles from the Iberian Peninsula which includes identical decorations of micrography on every opening quire. She proposes that this technique was used to facilitate the binding process.

Illustrated harp and script

At the end of the book of Psalms is a stylized harp which is, according to David Stern in Chosen: Philadelphia's Great Hebraica (2007), "an allusion to the harp of David, traditionally regarded as the psalms' composer. Atop the harp, a hand is poised to play, but no human figure is depicted in a possible cultural concession to a much earlier Islamic convention against human representation" (p. 19).

Dr. David Cook's translation (2009) of the script next to the harp reads:

"Blessed be the Creator of the heavens and earth:

I purchased this Torah [sic] of 24 books (may the Torah be exalted with greatness and glory [acronym]) in order to meditate, study, learn and teach. I am the young Shlomo Cohen “Sephardi Tahor” [acronym for pure Sephardi], son of the honored, enlightened Rabi Aharon Cohen (may his soul rest in peace [acronym]) [?] known as Damaschi [?] [name of unknown location] here in Egypt (may the city of God be built [acronym]). The year 511* (Ahsrei Ha’Am Shekaha Lo) (5511 according to Prat Gadol [the greater counting]) for 4 and one-half golden Mahbub [an Ottoman coin]."

*1750-51

Colophon

There have been many translations done of the colophon and the script entries. The following translation is from Dr. David Cook (2009):

"I, Shlomo, son of Moshe (may his memory be blessed) have written and passed on these twenty-four books to the esteemed and learned Rabbi Yehoshua, son of the esteemed and learned Rabbi Zicharya, the honored son of the wise and venerable Sh’alti’el (may his likeness be guarded and kept alive). May God enable him, his children and his children’s children to meditate upon them until the end of all generations and fulfill, as it is written: “Let not this Book of the Teaching cease from your lips, but recite it day and night, so that you may observe faithfully all that is written in it. Only then will you prosper in your undertakings and only then will you be successful.” [Joshua 1:8 translation from JPS Hebrew English Tanakh (Jewish Publication Society: Philadelphia, 1999)]. Completed in the month of Adar, the year 5026 [1266 C.E.] since the creation of the world." The script below the colophon, also by Dr. David Cook (2009):

"I, the young man, fearful of God, [acronym for either Guardian of the Most High or The Lord is My Helper] Nissim, the son of Rabi Amram, son of Rav Shmuel, Rabinu, purchased this in the year 5476 [1715-1716]."

There are six pages following the colophon featuring variant readings of the Books of Writings. At the bottom of the first page following the colophon, there are 2 lines in script:

"Cursed be he who erases my name; Blessed is he who reads this."

Carpet pages

The first two pages and one page at the end are intricately decorated in a diamond pattern known as a "carpet page." There is small Hebrew print throughout the design. The text for the first carpet page comes from Psalms 119, 150 and 106. The zig-zag text on the second carpet page are Masoretic notes. The final carpet page in the manuscript has three large lines of Hebrew text from the opening lines of Psalm 37:5: "Turn your ways to the Lord, and trust."

Dates

  • Creation: 1266

Limitations on Accessing the Collection

The collection is open for research use.

Manuscript attribution

B. Rachel Beckwith, in her unpublished paper "Haverford College's Thirteenth-Century Hebrew Bible: A Case Study in Manuscript Attribution" (July 1996) and subsequent article of the same title in the journal Manuscripta 42, no. 1 (March 1998): 30-52, concludes the Bible is most likely from Tudela, Burgeos, or Soria in Northern Spain based on a number of pieces of evidence including the Sephardic script, reed pen used, number of sheets per quire, lack of catchwords, the sequence of books after Malachi, and the page pricking method.

Extent

1 manuscripts (1 codex in clamshell box.)

Language

Hebrew

Location of purchase

Many scholars list the manuscript as being purchased in Cairo. Allessandro Falcetta came across the following letter from J. Rendel Harris which indicates that it may have been purchased in Jersusalem:

"James Rendel Harris to Henry Guppy [Librarian of the Rylands at the time], 25.11.1922, Jerusalem. 'Yesterday I visited the underground synagogue of the Karaite Jews when 30 years ago I bought a splendid 13th century Hebrew ms for 60, if I remember rightly. I gave it to Haverford College.'"

Published descriptions of the Bible

  • Beckwith, Rachel. "Haverford College's Thirteenth-Century Hebrew Bible: A Case Study in Manuscript Attribution." In Manuscripta 42, no. 1 (March 1998): 30-52.
  • Berkowitz, David. In remembrance of Creation: Evolution of Art and Scholarship in the Medieval and Renaissance Bible. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 1968. p. 12
  • Halperin, Dalia-Ruth. "Decorated Masorah on the openings between quires in Masoretic Bible manuscripts." In Journal of Jewish Studies 65, no. 2 (2014): 323-348.
  • Rogers, Robert. A Catalogue of Manuscripts (Chiefly Oriental) in the Library of Haverford College. Haverford College Studies, no. 4. [Haverford, PA: Haverford College], 1949.
  • Stern, David. Chosen: Philadelphia's Great Hebraica. Philadelphia, PA: Rosenbach Museum & Library, 2007. pp. 18-19.
  • Wolf, Edwin, ed. Legacies of Genius: A Celebration of Philadelphia Libraries. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries, 1988. p. 105

Physical description

Leaves are fine white vellum measuring 9x9.25 inches. According to a report of conservator Nicholas Pickwoad in 1988, the vellum comes from goatskin of very small, possibly uterine, animals. The spines run across the leaves and are usually clearly visible on the hair side. Each bifolium represents the skin of a single animal. The surviving leaves represent the skins of 220 animals. The manuscript has been rebound more than once.

Layout

Most of the books are organized in a three column format except in Psalms and Job which have two columns, each containing 30 lines.

Marking at the end of sections

At the end of every section there is a gold U-shaped design that contains the number of verses in each section, written in smaller print. One exception is after Psalms which has an illustration of a harp instead.

Illuminated Parashas

The Torah is traditionally divided up into weekly portions called Parashas. The start of each portion is indicated by an illumination in the margin with the number of the Parsha in the center of the illustration.

Similar illustrations mark the beginning of each chapter in Psalms.

Find It at the Library

Most of the materials in this catalog are not digitized and can only be accessed in person. Please see our website for more information about visiting or requesting reproductions from Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections Library

Contact:
370 Lancaster Ave
Haverford PA 19041 USA US