Masoretic Bible, 1266
Books and approximate pages
Tanakh
Genesis, p.4
Exodus, p.37
Leviticus, p.78
Numbers, p.108
Deuteronomy, p.151
Nevi’im (Prophets)
Joshua, p.190
Judges, p.218
Samuel I, p.244
Samuel II, p.279
Kings I, p.308
Kings II, p.344, column 1, line 14
Jeremiah, p.377
Ezekiel, p.438
Isaiah, p.489
Hosea, p.535
Joel, p.539
Amos, p.542
Obadiah, p.548
Jonah, p.549
Micah. p.551
Nahum, p.555
Habakkuk, p.556
Zephaniah, p.588
Haggai, p.560
Zechariah, p.562
Malachi, p.571
Ketuvim (Writings)
Ruth, p.573
Psalms, p.577 (end of Psalms with harp, p.661)
Job, p.662
Proverbs, p.607
Ecclesiastes, p.728
Song of Songs, p.735
Lamentations, p.739
Daniel, p.743
Ester, p.759
Ezra, p.766
Nehemiah, p.766, column 3, line 21
Chronicles I, p.790
Chronicles II, p.819, column 1, line 20
Colophon, p.855
About 862 pages total
The books were originally thought to be in a unique random order, but a Bible known as Dublin Ibn Gaon (Tudela, Spain 1300) shares the same sequence.
From Mordechai Glatzner from the Comité De Paléographie Hebraique (1972):
"Missing pages: before p.1, between pp.2-3, between pp.3-4, between pp.4-5, and between pp.5-6. The manuscript is therefore missing Genesis 1:30 to Genesis 6:20."
Manuscript is written in Hebrew in square Sephardic Script with a reed pen.
According to David Stern in Chosen: Philadelphia's Great Hebraica (2007), the manuscript contains both greater and lesser masoretic notes. In Psalms, the greater masoretic notes are on the top and bottom with lesser masoretic notes in the outermost margin. The greater masoretic notes, also called the large Masorah, are written in micrography and braided into a decorative ribbon pattern.
Research by Dalia-Ruth Halperin in 2014 indicates that RH 1 is one of three 13th-century masoretic bibles from the Iberian Peninsula which includes identical decorations of micrography on every opening quire. She proposes that this technique was used to facilitate the binding process.
At the end of the book of Psalms is a stylized harp which is, according to David Stern in Chosen: Philadelphia's Great Hebraica (2007), "an allusion to the harp of David, traditionally regarded as the psalms' composer. Atop the harp, a hand is poised to play, but no human figure is depicted in a possible cultural concession to a much earlier Islamic convention against human representation" (p. 19).
Dr. David Cook's translation (2009) of the script next to the harp reads:
"Blessed be the Creator of the heavens and earth:
I purchased this Torah [sic] of 24 books (may the Torah be exalted with greatness and glory [acronym]) in order to meditate, study, learn and teach. I am the young Shlomo Cohen “Sephardi Tahor” [acronym for pure Sephardi], son of the honored, enlightened Rabi Aharon Cohen (may his soul rest in peace [acronym]) [?] known as Damaschi [?] [name of unknown location] here in Egypt (may the city of God be built [acronym]). The year 511* (Ahsrei Ha’Am Shekaha Lo) (5511 according to Prat Gadol [the greater counting]) for 4 and one-half golden Mahbub [an Ottoman coin]."
*1750-51
There have been many translations done of the colophon and the script entries. The following translation is from Dr. David Cook (2009):
"I, Shlomo, son of Moshe (may his memory be blessed) have written and passed on these twenty-four books to the esteemed and learned Rabbi Yehoshua, son of the esteemed and learned Rabbi Zicharya, the honored son of the wise and venerable Sh’alti’el (may his likeness be guarded and kept alive). May God enable him, his children and his children’s children to meditate upon them until the end of all generations and fulfill, as it is written: “Let not this Book of the Teaching cease from your lips, but recite it day and night, so that you may observe faithfully all that is written in it. Only then will you prosper in your undertakings and only then will you be successful.” [Joshua 1:8 translation from JPS Hebrew English Tanakh (Jewish Publication Society: Philadelphia, 1999)]. Completed in the month of Adar, the year 5026 [1266 C.E.] since the creation of the world."
The script below the colophon, also by Dr. David Cook (2009):
"I, the young man, fearful of God, [acronym for either Guardian of the Most High or The Lord is My Helper] Nissim, the son of Rabi Amram, son of Rav Shmuel, Rabinu, purchased this in the year 5476 [1715-1716]."
There are six pages following the colophon featuring variant readings of the Books of Writings. At the bottom of the first page following the colophon, there are 2 lines in script:
"Cursed be he who erases my name; Blessed is he who reads this."
The first two pages and one page at the end are intricately decorated in a diamond pattern known as a "carpet page." There is small Hebrew print throughout the design. The text for the first carpet page comes from Psalms 119, 150 and 106. The zig-zag text on the second carpet page are Masoretic notes. The final carpet page in the manuscript has three large lines of Hebrew text from the opening lines of Psalm 37:5: "Turn your ways to the Lord, and trust."
Dates
- Creation: 1266
Conditions Governing Access
The collection is open for research use.
Manuscript attribution
B. Rachel Beckwith, in her unpublished paper "Haverford College's Thirteenth-Century Hebrew Bible: A Case Study in Manuscript Attribution" (July 1996) and subsequent article of the same title in the journal Manuscripta 42, no. 1 (March 1998): 30-52, concludes the Bible is most likely from Tudela, Burgeos, or Soria in Northern Spain based on a number of pieces of evidence including the Sephardic script, reed pen used, number of sheets per quire, lack of catchwords, the sequence of books after Malachi, and the page pricking method.
Extent
1 manuscripts (1 codex in clamshell box.)
Language of Materials
Hebrew
Location of purchase
Many scholars list the manuscript as being purchased in Cairo. Allessandro Falcetta came across the following letter from J. Rendel Harris which indicates that it may have been purchased in Jersusalem:
"James Rendel Harris to Henry Guppy [Librarian of the Rylands at the time], 25.11.1922, Jerusalem. 'Yesterday I visited the underground synagogue of the Karaite Jews when 30 years ago I bought a splendid 13th century Hebrew ms for 60, if I remember rightly. I gave it to Haverford College.'"
Published descriptions of the Bible
- Beckwith, Rachel. "Haverford College's Thirteenth-Century Hebrew Bible: A Case Study in Manuscript Attribution." In Manuscripta 42, no. 1 (March 1998): 30-52.
- Berkowitz, David. In remembrance of Creation: Evolution of Art and Scholarship in the Medieval and Renaissance Bible. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 1968. p. 12
- Halperin, Dalia-Ruth. "Decorated Masorah on the openings between quires in Masoretic Bible manuscripts." In Journal of Jewish Studies 65, no. 2 (2014): 323-348.
- Rogers, Robert. A Catalogue of Manuscripts (Chiefly Oriental) in the Library of Haverford College. Haverford College Studies, no. 4. [Haverford, PA: Haverford College], 1949.
- Stern, David. Chosen: Philadelphia's Great Hebraica. Philadelphia, PA: Rosenbach Museum & Library, 2007. pp. 18-19.
- Wolf, Edwin, ed. Legacies of Genius: A Celebration of Philadelphia Libraries. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries, 1988. p. 105
Physical description
Leaves are fine white vellum measuring 9x9.25 inches. According to a report of conservator Nicholas Pickwoad in 1988, the vellum comes from goatskin of very small, possibly uterine, animals. The spines run across the leaves and are usually clearly visible on the hair side. Each bifolium represents the skin of a single animal. The surviving leaves represent the skins of 220 animals. The manuscript has been rebound more than once.
Layout
Most of the books are organized in a three column format except in Psalms and Job which have two columns, each containing 30 lines.
Marking at the end of sections
At the end of every section there is a gold U-shaped design that contains the number of verses in each section, written in smaller print. One exception is after Psalms which has an illustration of a harp instead.
Illuminated Parashas
The Torah is traditionally divided up into weekly portions called Parashas. The start of each portion is indicated by an illumination in the margin with the number of the Parsha in the center of the illustration.
Similar illustrations mark the beginning of each chapter in Psalms.
Subject
- Ben Sh'alti'el, Yehuda ben Zicharya (Owner, Person)
- Ben Shmuel, Nissim ben Amram (Owner, Person)
- Ben Aharon Cohen Kaznah, Shlomo Cohen (Owner, Person)
- Ben Moshe, Shlomo (Scribe, Person)
Uniform Title
Find It at the Library
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