Enoch Hoag papers

Enoch Hoag (1812-­1884) was the son of Stephen and Martha Beede Hoag. He was engaged in the mercantile business until 1854, when he moved to Iowa and worked as a farmer. He was active in abolition work and aided Freedmen's education. In 1869, he was was appointed Superintendent of the Central Superintendency by President Grant under Grant's "Peace Policy." This policy gave Orthodox Friends supervision of Indigenous Peoples located in Kansas and the Indian Territory. The Superintendency's headquarters were at Lawrence, Kansas. Under Hoag's jurisdiction were nine Indian Agents (also Friends), who were assigned to various Agencies throughout the Central Superitendency. Indigenous Nations in Hoag's oversight included the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma (Kiikaapoa), Shawnee Tribe (Shawano?), Citizen Potawatomi Nation (Neshnabek), Kaw Nation (Kanza, referred to as "Kansas" in the papers), Osage Nation (Wazhazhe), Quapaw Nation (Ugahxpa), Sac Nation (Thakiwaki, Sauk) and Fox Nation (Meskwaki, Meshkwahkihaki), Cheyenne Nation (Tsitsistas), Arapaho Tribe (Hinono’ei), Wichita Tribe (Kitikiti'sh), Kiowa (Ka'igwu), Comanche Nation (Numinu), Wyandot Nation of Kansas (Wendat, referred to as Wyandotte in the papers), Chippewa Tribe (Ojibwe), Peoria Tribe (includes Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankashaw and Wea), Delaware Tribe of Indians (Lenape), Cherokee Nation (Ani-Tsalagi, Anigiduwagi), Miami Tribe (Myaamia), Seminole Nation, Chickasaw Nation (Chikashsha), Modoc Nation (Maklak), Munsee (often synonymous with Delaware Tribe of Indians/Lenape), and Apache Tribe of Oklahoma Plains (Ka-ta-kas, sometimes referred to as Kiowa Apaches).

Hoag's duties included the establishment of schools, the distribution of supplies, and the payment of government annuities. Hoag resigned his position in 1876, and was succeeded by Dr. William Nicholson. In 1879, Friends withdrew from government sponsored work, partly due to the change in governance with the election of President Hayes.